1. HIMA REDD+ Project
2. Community Forest Project
3. Nungwi Water Supply Project
4. Mangrove restoration across country
5. Tree planting year around and in many places
6. Agroforestry practices
7. Organic farming Practices
8. UNDAP Zanzibar
9. ZUSP: Zanzibar Urban Sustainable Planning
10. Researches and Trainings
11. Awareness creating
12. Beach protection and management

1. Residential Commercial Buildings 7.9%
2. Forestry 17.4%
3. Transport 13.1%
4. Agriculture 13.5%
5. Indusrty 19.4%
6. Waste and Waste water 2.8%
7. Energy Supply 25.9%

Climate change may be occur in a specific region or covering the Earth as a whole.

Climate change is caused by increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere through:

1. Natural Variation (solar radiation and deviations in the Earth's orbit). This is natural controlled process!
2. Human/Anthropogenic Activities: e.g.
3. Use of fossil fuels: oil, coal and gas
4. Industrial production
5. Deforestation
6. Agriculture
7. Mining (Minerals)

1. It must be an integral component of an effective strategy to address climate change.
2. Adaptation is something that primarily and much successful can takes place at the local level with adequate financial support. Thus, it is important that local people themselves define the risks related to change of climate and take timely appropriate action

WATER

1. Expanded rainwater harvesting
2. Water storage and conservation techniques
3. Water re-use; Desalination
4. Water use and irrigation efficiency increase
5. Adjustment of planting dates and new crops varieties

AGRICULTURE

1. Crop relocation
2. Improve land management e.g. erosion control and soil and conservation/protection through tree planting
3. Improve land management e.g. erosion control and soil and conservation/protection through tree planting
4. Promotion of Agroforestry
5. Water supply and irrigation system

FORESTRY

1. Community-based forest management
2. Conservation of Forest Protected Areas; Mangrove Planting
3. Forest/environmental conservation awareness

It is the ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.

e.g.

1. Engage in climate smart agriculture
2. Agro-forestry
3. Engage in other environmentally friendly livelihood activities
4. Adaptation Initiatives/programs (e.g. NAPA)
5. Water harvesting

Types of Adaptation

1. Anticipatory adaptation –takes place before impacts of climate change are observed. Also referred to as proactive adaptation
2. Planned adaptation –result of a deliberate policy decision, based on an awareness that conditions have changed and that action is required to return to, maintain, or achieve a desired state
3. Generally, Adaptation is essential to reduce the human and social costs of climate change and for development and poverty alleviation.
4. Adaptation is necessary to address impacts resulting from warming which is unavoidable due to past emissions

Some example of Local signs of Climate Change

1. Erratic rainfalls
2. Temperature rise
3. Drought
4. Reduced water flow
5. Drying of rivers, streams, wells
6. Decrease in annual crop yields
7. Strong Winds
8. Increase sea water temperature
9. Increased forest fires
10. Changes in seasonality
11. Decline of land productivity
12. Loss of Livestock due to extreme drought and diseases
13. Loss of settlements due to floods, sea level indudation
14. Intrusion of salt water in the farms and water wells
15. High water table
16. Diseases e.g. in Mangroves
17. Low fisheries procution
18. Damage to infrustructure
19. Loss of biodiversity

Opportunities

1. Working instruments
2. Policies, Laws, programs and plans related to environment and to natural resources management
3. Zanzibar CC Strategy
4. National REDD+ Strategy
5. Guideline for Mainstreaming CC
6. Local Adaptation Plans
7. Climate Change Communication strategy
8. Checklist for CC screening of development projects
9. Zanzibar Climate Fund/finance mechanism (in process)
10. Climate Change Training Manual
11. Climate Change Action Plan
12. Political and Community Will
13. International Support

Challenges

1. Poverty
2. Increased demand of NR (forest products, fisheries resources, land for agric.
3. Ongoing development initiatives

It is any long-term change in the statistics of weather over durations ranging from decades to millions of years.

1. Forest can be a “Source” of GHGs emissions:

Emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when they are burned or destroyed

1. Forest act as a Carbon “Sink”:

Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it as carbon in their biomass as they grow

Thus:

1. Conserving existing forests will keep emissions from deforestation out of the atmosphere.
2. Sustainably managing forests through reduced impact logging can help avoid emissions from forest degradation.
3. Restoring and planting trees will increase the amount of CO2 removal from the atmosphere and stored in the plant biomass.
4. The more we mitigate, the less we have to adapt